大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀理解文章精練-28

　　After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, and earthquake of similar __1__ that shook America in 1998 claimed 25,000 victims.

　　Injuries and deaths were __2__ less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. On a holiday, when traffic was light on the city s highway. In addition, __3__ made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city s buildings and highways, making them more __4__ to quakes.

　　In the past, making structures quake-resist-ant meant firm yet __5__ materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to __6__ the impact of ground vibrations. The most __7__ designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake s vibrations. When ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would __8__ the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new designs should offer even greater __9__ to cities where earthquakes ofen take place.

　　The new smart structures could be very __10__ to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.

　　[A]changes

　　[B]flexible

　　[C]decrease

　　[D]recent

　　[E]push

　　[F]reduce

　　[G]relatively

　　[H]safety

　　[I]resistant

　　[J]expensive

　　[K]force

　　[L]accordingly

　　[M]intensity

　　[N]security

　　[O]opposed

　　【答案及詳解】

　　1.選M)。此處應(yīng)填名詞，作介詞of的賓語，作為后置定語修飾earthquake，說明該名詞是 地震 的自然屬性。選項(xiàng)中的名詞有changes，safety，intensity和security，只有intensity可以表示地震的強(qiáng)度，故選M)。

　　2. 選G)。此處應(yīng)填副詞，用來修飾形容詞less。選項(xiàng)中的副詞有relatively 相對(duì)的 和accordingly 相應(yīng)的 ，第一段說這次地震和1998年的那次地震程度一樣，但造成的損失卻小很多，再?gòu)暮缶渲?高速路上的車輛不是很多 可以推斷：這次的地震造成的 死傷人數(shù) 與1998年比少很多，即少是相對(duì)的，故選G)relatively。

　　3.選A)。空格中要填的詞是本句話中的主語，應(yīng)為名詞。這句話的主干是have strengthened the city s buildings and highways,從第三段的內(nèi)容和注釋3的解析可知：建筑結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了變化，故應(yīng)選擇A)changes。

　　4. 選I)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，和其前面的more構(gòu)成形容詞的比較級(jí)，描述新型建筑與地震有關(guān)的性能。them = the city s buildings and highways, have strengthened 被加固說明他們更有抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力了。選項(xiàng)中的四個(gè)形容詞只有resistant符合這個(gè)意思，故選I)。

　　5.選B)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，修飾名詞materials。從后面的...bent without breaking 即使彎曲也不會(huì)折斷，說明是有韌性的材料。選項(xiàng)中的四個(gè)形容詞只有flexible表示 柔韌的，可變形的 ，故B)正確。

　　6. 選F)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。根據(jù)上下文insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation 在建筑物和地基之間填充橡膠和鋼材 是為了減少the impact of ground vibrations地面震動(dòng)對(duì)建筑物的影響。選項(xiàng)中decrease和reduce都可以表示 減少 的意思，前者指穩(wěn)定的逐步地減少，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)在大小、程度或強(qiáng)度方面下降或減少。故F)reduce更符合題意。

　　7.選D)。根據(jù)注釋3，可以推知，這里要填的詞是和前面的In the past, Laer相對(duì)應(yīng)的，選項(xiàng)中的形容詞中只有recent可表示時(shí)間，the most recent desighs 最近的設(shè)計(jì) ，在原文中可以對(duì)應(yīng) 過去，后來 ，故D)為正確答案。

　　8.選K)。前面提到了智能建筑，這里說明當(dāng)?shù)卣鹗惯@樣的建筑向前倒的時(shí)候，電腦會(huì)怎樣它，使它相反方向移動(dòng)。在動(dòng)詞push和force之間懸著。push強(qiáng)調(diào)的是外加的力量，而這里的拖力者是與智能建筑一體的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，故這里force符合文意。

　　9. 選N)。此后應(yīng)填名詞，做動(dòng)詞offer的賓語。本句前面一直在描述新型建筑采取的抗震措施，本句是這些措施的結(jié)果。抗震型建筑為城市提供的應(yīng)該是的安全保障，選項(xiàng)中表示 安全 的詞有safety和security，前者是處于安全狀態(tài)，不受傷害，沒有危險(xiǎn)，多用于人身，貨物。后者常指國(guó)家社會(huì)的免遭戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，災(zāi)難而安然無恙，故 N)security更符合文意。

　　10.選J)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。從后面的However后的一句說明智能建筑的優(yōu)點(diǎn)而得知，However前所說的是智能建筑的缺點(diǎn)。既然智能建筑很聰明，又是新事物，那么建造起來肯定會(huì)耗費(fèi)很多資金的，所以選J)expensive。

　　大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀理解文章精練-28

　　After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, and earthquake of similar __1__ that shook America in 1998 claimed 25,000 victims.

　　Injuries and deaths were __2__ less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a.m. On a holiday, when traffic was light on the city s highway. In addition, __3__ made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years have strengthened the city s buildings and highways, making them more __4__ to quakes.

　　In the past, making structures quake-resist-ant meant firm yet __5__ materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to __6__ the impact of ground vibrations. The most __7__ designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports, called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquake s vibrations. When ground shakes and the building tips forward, the computer would __8__ the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new designs should offer even greater __9__ to cities where earthquakes ofen take place.

　　The new smart structures could be very __10__ to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes.

　　[A]changes

　　[B]flexible

　　[C]decrease

　　[D]recent

　　[E]push

　　[F]reduce

　　[G]relatively

　　[H]safety

　　[I]resistant

　　[J]expensive

　　[K]force

　　[L]accordingly

　　[M]intensity

　　[N]security

　　[O]opposed

　　【答案及詳解】

　　1.選M)。此處應(yīng)填名詞，作介詞of的賓語，作為后置定語修飾earthquake，說明該名詞是 地震 的自然屬性。選項(xiàng)中的名詞有changes，safety，intensity和security，只有intensity可以表示地震的強(qiáng)度，故選M)。

　　2. 選G)。此處應(yīng)填副詞，用來修飾形容詞less。選項(xiàng)中的副詞有relatively 相對(duì)的 和accordingly 相應(yīng)的 ，第一段說這次地震和1998年的那次地震程度一樣，但造成的損失卻小很多，再?gòu)暮缶渲?高速路上的車輛不是很多 可以推斷：這次的地震造成的 死傷人數(shù) 與1998年比少很多，即少是相對(duì)的，故選G)relatively。

　　3.選A)。空格中要填的詞是本句話中的主語，應(yīng)為名詞。這句話的主干是have strengthened the city s buildings and highways,從第三段的內(nèi)容和注釋3的解析可知：建筑結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了變化，故應(yīng)選擇A)changes。

　　4. 選I)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，和其前面的more構(gòu)成形容詞的比較級(jí)，描述新型建筑與地震有關(guān)的性能。them = the city s buildings and highways, have strengthened 被加固說明他們更有抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力了。選項(xiàng)中的四個(gè)形容詞只有resistant符合這個(gè)意思，故選I)。

　　5.選B)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞，修飾名詞materials。從后面的...bent without breaking 即使彎曲也不會(huì)折斷，說明是有韌性的材料。選項(xiàng)中的四個(gè)形容詞只有flexible表示 柔韌的，可變形的 ，故B)正確。

　　6. 選F)。此處應(yīng)填名詞。根據(jù)上下文insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation 在建筑物和地基之間填充橡膠和鋼材 是為了減少the impact of ground vibrations地面震動(dòng)對(duì)建筑物的影響。選項(xiàng)中decrease和reduce都可以表示 減少 的意思，前者指穩(wěn)定的逐步地減少，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)在大小、程度或強(qiáng)度方面下降或減少。故F)reduce更符合題意。

　　7.選D)。根據(jù)注釋3，可以推知，這里要填的詞是和前面的In the past, Laer相對(duì)應(yīng)的，選項(xiàng)中的形容詞中只有recent可表示時(shí)間，the most recent desighs 最近的設(shè)計(jì) ，在原文中可以對(duì)應(yīng) 過去，后來 ，故D)為正確答案。

　　8.選K)。前面提到了智能建筑，這里說明當(dāng)?shù)卣鹗惯@樣的建筑向前倒的時(shí)候，電腦會(huì)怎樣它，使它相反方向移動(dòng)。在動(dòng)詞push和force之間懸著。push強(qiáng)調(diào)的是外加的力量，而這里的拖力者是與智能建筑一體的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)，故這里force符合文意。

　　9. 選N)。此后應(yīng)填名詞，做動(dòng)詞offer的賓語。本句前面一直在描述新型建筑采取的抗震措施，本句是這些措施的結(jié)果。抗震型建筑為城市提供的應(yīng)該是的安全保障，選項(xiàng)中表示 安全 的詞有safety和security，前者是處于安全狀態(tài)，不受傷害，沒有危險(xiǎn)，多用于人身，貨物。后者常指國(guó)家社會(huì)的免遭戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，災(zāi)難而安然無恙，故 N)security更符合文意。

　　10.選J)。此處應(yīng)填形容詞。從后面的However后的一句說明智能建筑的優(yōu)點(diǎn)而得知，However前所說的是智能建筑的缺點(diǎn)。既然智能建筑很聰明，又是新事物，那么建造起來肯定會(huì)耗費(fèi)很多資金的，所以選J)expensive。